Die in der Messapparatur integriert

Die in der Messapparatur integrierten Schutzheizzonen in dem äußeren Heizungsring haben die Aufgabe, laterale Wärmeströme am Rand der Probe zu verhindern und somit Messfehler zu verringern. Da sich die Heizzonen in ihren Abmessungen über die Höhe des Plattenaufbaus erstrecken, ist es wichtig, ein Temperaturgefälle entsprechend dem Temperaturgradienten durch die Probe herzustellen. Das bedeutet, dass eine Temperaturdifferenz von 50 K durch die Probe von den Heizzonen ebenso am Rand realisiert werden muss, um verzerrte Wärmeströme zu vermeiden. Die Leistung der drei Heizzonen beträgt jeweils 5 kW. Für jede Heizzone ist ein Regelthermoelement vorgesehen, das den Istwert wiedergibt. Durch die Vorgabe unterschiedlicher Sollwerte für die drei Heizzonen konnte die Anforderung eines analogen Temperaturgradienten am Rand der Probe mit Erfolg im Normaldruck- sowie im Vakuumbetrieb eingehalten werden. Jedoch ist es im Überdruckbetrieb nicht gelungen, durch die eingebauten drei Zonen der Schutzheizung diese Anforderung zu erfüllen. Durch die verstärkte Konvektion misst das Thermoelement in der unteren Zone eine niedrigere Temperatur als die Temperaturvorgabe durch den Sollwert. Der Regler erhöht dadurch die eingesetzte Leistung für diese Zone, wodurch Wärme wiederum aufgrund von Konvektion in axialer Richtung nach oben transportiert wird. Als Folge davon kommt es zu einer erhöhten Temperaturdifferenz am Rand der Probe. Außerdem erreicht die untere Heizzone ihre obere Leistungsgrenze, wohingegen die abgegebene Leistung in der oberen Heizzone minimal ist. Die zusätzliche Dämmung zwischen den Heizzonen und der Plattenanordnung verringert diesen Effekt - wie oben erläutert - deutlich. Allerdings zeigt sich, dass mit steigendem Druck dieser Effekt in dem verbliebenen Spalt (10 mm) zwischen Heizzonen und Plattenanordnung sogar noch verstärkt auftritt. Hier ist ein verändertes Konzept für die Verteilung der Heizleistung in den Schutzheizungsringen gefragt. Dessen Realisierung für den Überdruckbetrieb ist aber sehr kostenintensiv und benötigt vielfältige Untersuchungen und Berechnungen der verschiedenen Varianten im Vorfeld. Dieses war in dem abgeschlossenen Vorhaben aus zeitlichen und Kostengründen nicht mehr möglich.

結果 (英文) 1:

The protection heating zones in the outer heating ring integrated in the measuring apparatus have the task to prevent lateral heat flow at the edge of the sample and thus to reduce measuring error. Because the heating zones across their dimensions the height of plate construction, it is important to establish a temperature gradient according to the temperature gradient through the sample. This means that a temperature difference must be realized by 50 K by the sample of the heating zones on the edge to avoid distorted heat flows. The power of the three heating zones is 5 kW. A rule thermocouple is provided for each heating zone, which reflects the actual value. By setting different setpoint values for the three heating zones, requiring an analog temperature gradient on the edge of the sample with success in the atmospheric pressure, as well as in the vacuum operation could be respected. But has not succeeded in the relief operation, the built-in three zones of protection heating this requirement to meet. By increasing convection, the thermocouple in the bottom zone measures a lower temperature than the temperature setting by the setpoint. The controller thereby increasing the employed power for this zone which heat is in turn transported upwards due to convection in the axial direction. As a result, it comes to an increased temperature difference at the edge of the sample. Also, the lower heating zone reached their upper limits, while the output in the upper zone is minimal. Additional insulation between the heating zones and the arrangement of the Board reduces this effect – as explained above – clearly. But proving that this effect in the remaining gap (10 mm) between the heating zones and Panel arrangement occurs even more increased with increasing pressure. A modified approach to the distribution of heating power in the protection heating rings is needed here. Its realization for the relief operation is very expensive and required multiple investigations and calculations of the different variants in advance. This was no longer possible in the completed projects for time and cost reasons.

結果 (英文) 2:

The integrated in the measuring apparatus Schutzheizzonen in the outer heating ring have the task to prevent lateral heat flows at the edge of the sample, thereby reducing measurement errors. Since the heating zones extend in dimension over the height of the plate assembly, it is important to establish a temperature gradient according to the temperature gradient through the sample. This means that a temperature difference of 50 K by the sample has to be realized by the heating zones as well at the edge in order to avoid distorted heat flows. The performance of the three heating zones being in each case 5 kW. For each heating zone, a control thermocouple is provided, which represents the actual value. By selecting different setpoints for the three heating zones, the requirement of an analog temperature gradient at the edge of the sample was met with success in the normal pressure and vacuum operation. However, it has not succeeded in positive pressure mode, to meet through built three zones of protection heating this requirement. The increased convection thermocouple a temperature lower than the temperature setting measures in the lower zone by the setpoint. The controller thereby increases the power used for this zone, whereby heat is in turn transported by convection in an axial upward direction. As a result, there is an increased temperature difference at the edge of the sample. In addition, the lower heating zone reaches its upper limit of power, whereas the power output is minimal in the top heating zone. The additional insulation between the heating zones and the plate arrangement reduces this effect - as discussed above - significantly. However, it appears that with increasing pressure this effect in the remaining gap (10 mm) between heating zones and disk assembly occurs even strengthened. Here a modified approach to the heat distribution in the protective heating rings are required. Its realization for overpressure operation is very costly and requires numerous tests and calculations of the different variants in advance. This was in the completed projects is no longer possible due to time and cost reasons.

結果 (英文) 3:

in the measuring apparatus integrated schutzheizzonen in the outer heizungsring have the task of lateral heat flows along the edge of the sample to prevent measurement errors are reduced. since the heating zones in their dimensions, on the level of plattenaufbaus), it is important to a temperature corresponding to the temperature gradient through the sample itself. this means that a difference of 50 k through the sample of the heating zones as well as on the edge must be implemented in order to avoid heat distortion. the performance of the three heating zones is 5 kw. for each heating zone is a regelthermoelement intended, it reflects the value. the use of different values for the three heating zones, the requirement of an analogue temperature gradients on the edge of the sample with success in normal pressure and vakuumbetrieb are observed. however, it is in überdruckbetrieb failed through the built-in three zones of the schutzheizung to fulfil this requirement. enhanced convection is the thermocouple in the bottom zone of a lower temperature than the temperaturvorgabe by the target value. the controller is used for increasing the performance of this zone, which, in turn, caused by heat convection in an axial direction is transported upwards. as a result, it comes to an elevated temperature at the edge of the sample. in addition, the lower heating zone reached their upper capacity, whereas the emitted power in the upper heating zone is minimal. the additional insulation between the heating zones and the plattenanordnung reduces this effect - as explained above - clear. it shows that with increasing pressure the effect in the remaining gap (10 mm) between heating zones and plattenanordnung even more performance. here is a modified approach to the distribution of heat in the schutzheizungsringen asked. the realization of the überdruckbetrieb is very expensive and requires multiple studies and calculations of the different variants in advance. this was in the completed projects in terms of time and cost is not possible.